Piston fob internal-combustion engines



Dec. 11, I928. H. YOUNG Re. 17,159

PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Original Filed Oct. 4, 1924Reissue! Dec, 1i,192s; I V p Re. i-"flUNlTED STATES PATENT oar-ice.

HENRY B. YOUNG, OF HUSKEGON, MICHIGAN.

PISTON FOB INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' Original Io. 1,557,648,1lated October 20, 1925, Serial No. 741,807,filed October 4, 1824. Application for a reissue filed larch 4, 1087.Serial No. 172,917.

This invention relates to pistons for invide a plurality of rings forengagement in ternal combustion engines, and has for an these grooves,these rings including an eximportant object thereof the provision of apander ring 17 having a beveled upper surpiston in which the rings haveat all timesva face corresponding to the bevel of the insealingengagement with the coacting porclined upper surface 16 of theprojecting 0 tions of the piston, so-thatthere will be no portion orflange 15 of the iston head. This leakage about the rings to permitpassa e of. expander ring has normal y a diameter but oil to theCombustion chamber or fuel rom slightly less than the 'outsidemaximumdiamthe combustion chamber to the base. eter of the cylinder andaccordingly must be An important objectof the invention is to compressedto permit its insertion beneath as provide a piston of this characterwhich may the flange 15. This ring, as are the remainevery cheaplyproduced, and in which vari-, ing rings hereinafter described, is splitto ous parts maybe applied to the piston after ermit the compressionthereof. The rings thel'nanner of applying piston rings thereto. urtherinclude piston rings 19 and may in- A further object of the invention isto proclude spacer rings 18, the piston rings 19 be- 70 vide a device ofthis character eliminating ing of any desired material or construction,the use of adjusting bolts, screws or the like and of the usual sizesfor engagement with which, due to wear, must be tightened from; thewalls of the cylinder in which thepiston time to time and which, due tothe likelihood is to operate. The s acer rings 18 are of less of theirloosening, must be the subject of diameter than the plston ringsandadapted 75 constant attention. 4 to be altered with the piston rin s. Inthe A still further ob'ect of the invention is to application of theserings to the p1ston, a is provide .adevice. 0 this character eliminattonring is first placed against the shou der ng' theuse of springs and thelike to provide 14, then alternate spacer and piston rings ap- 5 thetension necessary for holding the sections plied. The expanding ring isplaced beneath so in assembled relation. the flange 15 and has itsinclined surface 17 These and other objects I attain by the bearingagainst the inclined surface 16. As construction shown in theaccompanying this rin tends continually toexpand and the drawings,wherein for the urpose of illustwo inc ined surfaces are operatingagainst tration is shown a preferred embodiment of one another, thisring will exert a-continuous 85' my invention and wherein forcedownwardly causing the rings 18 and Fig v 1 is a side elevation of apiston con- 19 to be held tightly againstone another durstructed inaccordance with my invention; ing operation of the engine.- All of therin s Fig. 2 is a transverse sectionalview the're- 17 18 and 19 are soconstructed that when-1n through;-

c a plied positionaslight space is left between 90 Fig. 3 is an enlargedvertical section of one t eir inner walls and ad acent wall of the sideof the piston;- I 1 reduced portion 13, so that a slight play is Fig. 4is an enlarged sectional view taken afiorded for these rings permittingt em to throufgh thetensionmg ring. shift. i

erring now more. particularly to the V Itwill be obvious that by thisconstruction as drawings, the piston consists of a head 11 and thedecided effect of maintenance of a seal beskirt portions 12' castintegrally withone' an tween the spacers and rings of a is'tonof thisother, the upper end of the skirt portion being is secured by a meanswhic will have a reduced in d1ameter, as at 13, to thereby ro- 11 eequal to the life .Of the piston rings and vide an upwardly facingshoulder 14. e spacers and one which will ap 1y its tension 10o exteriordiameter ofthe' head approximates without the need of outsideadfjustment; the extremediameter. of the skirt,.so,that the 7 It willfurthermore be obvious that certain head projects beyond the u per endof the modifications of the structure hereinbefore reduced portion, asindica at 15,- and this set forth are possible without in any manner soprojecting portion op oses a shoulder 14' departingfrom the spirit ofmyinvention, 10o thereby pro 7 using in t e outer face of the and Iaccordingly do not limitm'y'self to such piston a groove. The undersurface of the 'fic structure except as hereinafter projecting v 'on 15of the head is inclined v upwardly an inwardly, as shown at 16.- r Thisment of the piston groove and In accordance with my invention, I I -'0'he rings hasiniportantresults. -.It will be noticed that the sealingring 17 is of 'considerably less diameter than either the piston rings19 or the spacingrings 18. Consequently,

it always has clearance with respect to the cylinder walls, for whenassembled in place, as shown in Fig. 3,thisringisconsiderab yless indiameter thanthe. piston skirt. The result of the undercut inner (orouter) wall of shoulders being substantially perpendicular the istonoove in connection with the beve ed periphery 17 of the sealing ring,and in connection with the always maintained clearance between thissealing ring and the cylinder, is that all the pressure of the sealingring is directed on the ring assembly outwardl (downwardly) axially ofthe piston, there y making an unusual effective seal in the oove withoutten ing to force the piston rings outwardly against the cylinder wallsto increase the friction and enhance the wear both of the piston ringsand the cylinder walls. I

In some of the claims I havereferred to the ring assembly. This may ormay not include the spacer rings. It mayor may, not include more thanone piston ring, as the essential principles of my invention canmeasurably rinIg and single piston ring. claim: 1. A

well be carried out with the single sealing piston and rin constructionfor use in a cylinder comprising a piston having a head and skirtportion, said skirt port on having a relatively wide circumferentialgroove, a closed rear wall for the groove, closed shoulders for thegroove, one of said to the skirtyand the other of said shoulders beingundercut to provide a downwardly and outwardlyslantingsurface, aplurality of rin in this relatively wide groove including expandoutwardly to seal against the cylin der, all of said rings havin sidessubstantial- 1y erpendicular to the s irt of the piston and resting oneupon the other with one end ring res'tin upon the said shoulder which issubstantial y perpendicular to the skirt, and a compensating ring whichis dis osed in the said undercut and which has a s anting'surface whichcontacts with the corresponding surface of the undercut, saidcompensating rin pat: the rin s together tightly a ainst the saiderpenrficular shoulder of t e groove where the rings are tightly heldbetween the sai two shoulders and the rings effect a seal betweenthemselves and the closed wall of the groove, while the outwardexpanding tendency of'the rin to effect a sealin pressure with the cyliner walls remain su Stan-i tially constant.-

one-piece piston havingthe skirt thereof reduced intermediate its endsto provide'a groove forming opposing shoulders,

the upper shoulder beingundercut, a split resilient wedging rin op usingsaid shoulder and having an inc ine face opposing the undercut portionof the shoulder and-a plurality of split resilient rin s arranged withinsaidgroove and between t e first named ring and the shoulder at theopposite end of the groove, the last namEl rin including packmg rinnamed I'lllgCODStflDtl urging the last named rings toward the last namedend groove, the shoulder at the last named end of the groove being uare.

- NRY R. YOUNG.

being outwardly expanding so' as to and spac rs t erefor, the first 40 ap urality of. sealing rings which normally i of the 73 I

